Apraxia is a neurological condition where people have trouble making certain body movements, even though their muscles are fine. There are different types of apraxia, such as orofacial apraxia (trouble with facial movements), limb apraxia (trouble with arm and leg movements), and apraxia of speech (trouble moving the mouth and tongue to speak).
There are two main forms of apraxia of speech: acquired apraxia (usually in adults) and childhood apraxia of speech (present from birth). Childhood apraxia of speech affects a child’s ability to form sounds and words, while acquired apraxia can occur due to brain damage from conditions like head trauma, stroke, or tumors.
Apraxia is different from aphasia, another communication disorder. Aphasia affects understanding and use of words, while apraxia is about the difficulty in initiating and performing the movements needed for speech.
Symptoms of apraxia of speech can include trouble forming words in the right order, minimal babbling as a baby, difficulty with long or complex words, and inconsistent speech. It can occur alongside other language or cognitive deficits.
The exact causes of childhood apraxia of speech are not fully understood, but it may involve signaling problems between the brain and speech muscles.
Diagnosis involves looking for common apraxia symptoms, like difficulty repeating words or sounds. Treatment often includes working with a speech-language pathologist to improve speech coordination through exercises and practice. Sign language and assistive electronic devices may also be used in some cases.
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